CASE REPORT
A case of acute respiratory distress syndrome: An unusual presentation of post-COVID-19
More details
Hide details
1
Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, MALAYSIA
Publication date: 2022-10-02
Electron J Gen Med 2022;19(6):em417
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Background:
COVID-19 is an infectious condition caused by SARS-CoV-2. This virus does not only cause acute infection but also can cause long-term sequelae such as post-COVID-19, which involves multisystem especially respiratory system. However, it is still unclear about the pathophysiology, manifestation, risk factors, and treatment of post-COVID-19 and its sequelae.
Case Report:
This case report highlights an unusual clinical case in a healthy young smoker, 25 days after a mild COVID-19 infection. He presented with severe pulmonary symptoms which fulfilled the criteria of acute respiratory distress syndrome without evidence of infective cause.
Conclusion:
This case suggests smokers are susceptible to develop post-acute lung sequelae without prior severe COVID-19 infection or presence of comorbidities. This instance emphasizes the need for more studies looking into the relationship between post-infectious pulmonary sequelae and smoking. Hence, help further management of post-COVID-19 in smokers.
REFERENCES (11)
1.
Solomon JJ, Heyman B, Ko JP, Condos R, Lynch DA. CT of post-acute lung complications of COVID-19. Radiology. 2021;301(2):E383-95.
https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol... PMid:34374591 PMCid:PMC8369881.
2.
Gulsen A, Yigitbas BA, Uslu B, Drömann D, Kilinc O. The effect of smoking on COVID-19 symptom severity: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Pulm Med. 2020;2020:7590207.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7... PMid:32963831 PMCid:PMC7499286.
3.
Augustin M, Schommers P, Stecher M, et al. Post-COVID syndrome in non-hospitalised patients with COVID-19: A longitudinal prospective cohort study. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2021;6:100122.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lane... PMid:34027514 PMCid:PMC8129613.
4.
Greenhalgh T, Knight M, A’Court C, Buxton M, Husain L. Management of post-acute COVID-19 in primary care. BMJ. 2020;370:m3026.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3... PMid:32784198.
5.
Tay MZ, Poh CM, Rénia L, MacAry PA, Ng LFP. The trinity of COVID-19: Immunity, inflammation and intervention. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020;20(6):363-74.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577... PMid:32346093 PMCid:PMC7187672.
6.
Yong SJ. Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome: Putative pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments. Infect Dis (Lond). 2021;53(10):737-54.
https://doi.org/10.1080/237442... PMid:34024217 PMCid:PMC8146298.
7.
Spagnolo P, Balestro E, Aliberti S, et al. Pulmonary fibrosis secondary to COVID-19: A call to arms? Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(8):750-2.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-....
8.
Niewoehner DE, Kleinerman J, Rice DB. Pathologic changes in the peripheral airways of young cigarette smokers. N Engl J Med. 2010;291(15):755-8.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM19... PMid:4414996.
9.
Willemse BWM, Postma DS, Timens W, ten Hacken NHT. The impact of smoking cessation on respiratory symptoms, lung function, airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Eur Respir J. 2004;23(3):464-76.
https://doi.org/10.1183/090319... PMid:15065840.
10.
Ojo AS, Balogun SA, Williams OT, Ojo OS. Pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19 survivors: Predictive factors and risk reduction strategies. Pulm Med. 2020;2020:6175964.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6... PMid:32850151 PMCid:PMC7439160.
11.
Alqahtani JS, Oyelade T, Aldhahir AM, et al. Prevalence, severity and mortality associated with COPD and smoking in patients with COVID-19: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2020; 15(5):e0233147.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journa... PMid:32392262 PMCid:PMC7213702.