Current issue
Archive
About the Journal
About us
Aims and Scope
Indexing and Abstracting
Editorial Office
Open Access Policy
Publication Ethics
Contact
For Authors
Editorial Policy
Peer Review Policy
Manuscript Preparation Guidelines
Copyright & Licensing
Publication Fees
Fast-Track Paper Publication Option
Conflict Interest Guidance
Submit an Article
Special Issues
News & Editorials
“Fake,” “Predatory,” and “Pseudo” Journals: Charlatans Threatening Trust in Science
Shifting the Journal submission-review system to the Editorial System Manuscript December 27, 2017.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Association of abdominal obesity and systolic blood pressure indices with cardiovascular disease risk prediction among community-dwelling older adults
1
Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, THAILAND
2
Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, THAILAND
3
Division of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, THAILAND
4
Division of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, THAILAND
Online publication date: 2023-01-20
Publication date: 2023-03-01
Electron J Gen Med 2023;20(2):em458
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Background:
Excess adiposity is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), therefore the early screening indies with predicted CVD risk is more useful for older adults. The current study evaluated the associations between anthropometric, body composition and dietary indices and elevated 10-year CVD risk in older people.
Methods:
This research, which involved 55 to 94-year-olds living in the community. Standard techniques were used to determine anthropometric factors and body composition indicators. The risk prediction chart created by World Health Organization and International Society of Hypertension was used to calculate the CVD risk score. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined.
Results:
CVD risk prediction was positively correlated with the anthropometric and body composition parameters. After controlling for confounding variables, the logistic regression analysis revealed that waist circumference (OR=16.34; 95% CI: 7.22, 36.98; p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (BP) (OR=9.53; 95% CI: 4.52, 20.07; p<0.001), and visceral adipose tissue percentage (OR=5.47; 95% CI: 2.98, 10.01; p<0.001) were correlated with cardiovascular risk prediction.
Conclusions:
Abdominal obesity and increase of systolic BP were associated to increased risk for CVD. Additionally, a positive association between the risk factors for CVD (%visceral adipose tissue) and diet (cholesterol consumption) was established.
Excess adiposity is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), therefore the early screening indies with predicted CVD risk is more useful for older adults. The current study evaluated the associations between anthropometric, body composition and dietary indices and elevated 10-year CVD risk in older people.
Methods:
This research, which involved 55 to 94-year-olds living in the community. Standard techniques were used to determine anthropometric factors and body composition indicators. The risk prediction chart created by World Health Organization and International Society of Hypertension was used to calculate the CVD risk score. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined.
Results:
CVD risk prediction was positively correlated with the anthropometric and body composition parameters. After controlling for confounding variables, the logistic regression analysis revealed that waist circumference (OR=16.34; 95% CI: 7.22, 36.98; p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (BP) (OR=9.53; 95% CI: 4.52, 20.07; p<0.001), and visceral adipose tissue percentage (OR=5.47; 95% CI: 2.98, 10.01; p<0.001) were correlated with cardiovascular risk prediction.
Conclusions:
Abdominal obesity and increase of systolic BP were associated to increased risk for CVD. Additionally, a positive association between the risk factors for CVD (%visceral adipose tissue) and diet (cholesterol consumption) was established.
REFERENCES (33)
1.
Zhao D. Epidemiological features of cardiovascular disease in Asia. JACC: Asia. 2021;1(1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaca... PMid:36338365 PMCid:PMC9627928.
2.
Powell-Wiley TM, Poirier P, Burke LE, et al. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circ. 2021;143(21):e984-1010. https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.00... PMid:33882682 PMCid:PMC8493650.
3.
Cong X, Liu S, Wang W, Ma J, Li J. Combined consideration of BMI and waist circumference identifies obesity patterns associated with risk of stroke in a Chinese prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):347. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889... PMid:35180873 PMCid:PMC8855545.
4.
Zhang S, Fu X, Du Z, et al. Is waist-to-height ratio the best predictive indicator of cardiovascular disease incidence in hypertensive adults? A cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2022;22(1):214. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872... PMid:35545759 PMCid:PMC9092683.
5.
Montenegro Mendoza R, Velásquez IM, Fontes F, Quintana H. Prevalence of central obesity according to different definitions in normal weight adults of two cross-sectional studies in Panama. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2022;10:100215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana....
6.
Dell'Osbel RS, Santos R, Piccoli C, de Oliveira Gregoletto ML, Freire C, Cremonese C. Prevalence of overweight and obesity and increased risk for cardiovascular disease and associated factors in farming families in southern Brazil. Braz J Dev. 2023;9(1):1252-70. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv9....
7.
WHO. Prevention of cardiovascular disease pocket guidelines for assessment and management of cardiovascular risk. World Health Organization; 2007. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/hand... (Accessed: 30 October 2022).
8.
Ma W, Zhang B, Yang Y, et al. Correlating the relationship between interarm systolic blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk factors. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2017;19(5):466-71. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.12... PMid:28295936 PMCid:PMC8030783.
9.
Lewington S, Lacey B, Clarke R, et al. The burden of hypertension and associated risk for cardiovascular mortality in China. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176(4):524-32. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamain... PMid:26975032.
10.
Reges O, Ning H, Wilkins JT, et al. Association of cumulative systolic blood pressure with long-term risk of cardiovascular disease and healthy longevity: Findings from the lifetime risk pooling project cohorts. Hypertension. 2021;77(2):347-56. https://doi.org/10.1161/hypert... PMid:33342241 PMCid:PMC7864675.
11.
Gu D, Kelly TN, Wu X, et al. Blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular disease in Chinese men and women. Am J Hypertens. 2008;21(3):265-72. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajh.20... PMid:18188156.
12.
Clark CE, Taylor RS, Shore AC, Campbell JL. The difference in blood pressure readings between arms and survival: Primary care cohort study. BMJ. 2012;344. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e1... PMid:22433975 PMCid:PMC3309155.
13.
Chen X, Barywani SB, Hansson PO, et al. High-normal blood pressure conferred higher risk of cardiovascular disease in a random population sample of 50-year-old men: A 21-year follow-up. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(17):e19895. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.000... PMid:32332663 PMCid:PMC7220525.
14.
Jung M-H, Yi S-W, An SJ, Yi J-J. Age-specific associations between systolic blood pressure and cardiovascular mortality. Heart. 2019;105(14):1070-7. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartj... PMid:31055498.
15.
Moura L, Pagotto V, Camargo Pereira C, de Oliveira C, Silveira EA. Does abdominal obesity increase all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality risks in older adults? A 10-year follow-up analysis. Nutrients. 2022;14(20):4315. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu1420... PMid:36296999 PMCid:PMC9607321.
16.
Shirasawa T, Ochiai H, Yoshimoto T, et al. Associations between normal weight central obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Japanese middle-aged adults: A cross-sectional study. J Health Popul Nutr. 2019;38:46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043... PMid:31849344 PMCid:PMC6918653.
17.
Xue R, Li Q, Geng Y, Wang H, Wang F, Zhang S. Abdominal obesity and risk of CVD: A dose-response meta-analysis of thirty-one prospective studies. Br J Nutr. 2021;126(9):1420-30. https://doi.org/10.1017/s00071... PMid:33431092.
18.
Su TT, Amiri M, Mohd Hairi F, Thangiah N, Dahlui M, Majid HA. Body composition indices and predicted cardiovascular disease risk profile among urban dwellers in Malaysia. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:174821. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/1... PMid:25710002 PMCid:PMC4326033.
19.
Tran NTT, Blizzard CL, Luong KN, et al. The importance of waist circumference and body mass index in cross-sectional relationships with risk of cardiovascular disease in Vietnam. PLoS One. 2018;13(5):e0198202. https://doi.org/10.1371/journa... PMid:29813112 PMCid:PMC5973604.
20.
Sobiczewski W, Wirtwein M, Jarosz D, Gruchala M. Superiority of waist circumference and body mass index in cardiovascular risk assessment in hypertensive patients with coronary heart disease. Blood Press. 2015;24(2):90-5. https://doi.org/10.3109/080370... PMid:25668594.
21.
Park YS, Kim J-S. Obesity phenotype and coronary heart disease risk as estimated by the Framingham risk score. J Korean Med Sci. 2012;27(3):243-9. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2....
22.
Coutinho T, Goel K, Corrêa de Sá D, et al. Combining body mass index with measures of central obesity in the assessment of mortality in subjects with coronary disease: role of “normal weight central obesity”. JJ Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(5):553-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc... PMid:23369419.
23.
Shields M, Tremblay MS, Connor Gorber S, Janssen I. Abdominal obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors within body mass index categories. Health Rep. 2012; 23(2):7-15. PMid:22866535.
24.
Ballin M, Nordström P, Niklasson J, Nordström A. Associations of visceral adipose tissue and skeletal muscle density with incident stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality in community-dwelling 70-year-old individuals: A prospective cohort study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10(9):e020065. https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.1... PMid:33870709 PMCid:PMC8200751.
25.
Pereira-Manfro WF, de Lima GR, Nogueira Neto JF, et al. Association between visceral/subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio and plasma inflammatory markers and score for cardiovascular risk prediction in a Brazilian cohort: Pró-saúde study. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2021;54(12). https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-4... PMid:34730680 PMCid:PMC8555454.
26.
Huang Y, Liu Y, Ma Y, et al. Associations of visceral adipose tissue, circulating protein biomarkers, and risk of cardiovascular diseases: A mendelian randomization analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022;10:840866. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.... PMid:35186940 PMCid:PMC8850399.
27.
Lee JJ, Pedley A, Hoffmann U, Massaro JM, Fox CS. Association of changes in abdominal fat quantity and quality with incident cardiovascular disease risk factors. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(14):1509-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc... PMid:27687192 PMCid:PMC5599249.
28.
Chen GC, Arthur R, Iyengar NM, et al. Association between regional body fat and cardiovascular disease risk among postmenopausal women with normal body mass index. Eur Heart J. 2019;40(34):2849-55. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurhea... PMid:31256194 PMCid:PMC6933870.
29.
Fox CS, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, et al. Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments: association with metabolic risk factors in the Framingham heart study. Circulation. 2007;116(1):39-48. https://doi.org/10.1161/circul... PMid:17576866.
30.
Giusti V, Suter M, Verdumo C, Gaillard R, Burckhardt P, Pralong F. Molecular determinants of human adipose tissue: differences between visceral and subcutaneous compartments in obese women. J Clin Endocr Metab. 2004;89(3):1379-84. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.200... PMid:15001637.
31.
Demerath EW, Reed D, Rogers N, Sun SS, Lee M, Choh AC, Couch W, et al. Visceral adiposity and its anatomical distribution as predictors of the metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic risk factor levels. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88(5):1263-71. PMid:18996861 PMCid:PMC2801427.
32.
Ozen E, Mihaylova R, Weech M, Kinsella S, Lovegrove JA, Jackson KG. Association between dietary saturated fat with cardiovascular disease risk markers and body composition in healthy adults: Findings from the cross-sectional BODYCON study. Nutr Metab (London). 2022;19(1):15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986... PMid:35241101 PMCid:PMC8896371.
33.
Yang T, Yi J, He Y, et al. Associations of dietary fats with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality among patients with cardiometabolic disease. Nutrients. 2022;14(17):3608. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu1417... PMid:36079863 PMCid:PMC9460477.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 2516-3507 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
