Current issue
Archive
About the Journal
About us
Aims and Scope
Indexing and Abstracting
Editorial Office
Open Access Policy
Publication Ethics
Contact
For Authors
Editorial Policy
Peer Review Policy
Manuscript Preparation Guidelines
Copyright & Licensing
Publication Fees
Fast-Track Paper Publication Option
Conflict Interest Guidance
Submit an Article
Special Issues
News & Editorials
“Fake,” “Predatory,” and “Pseudo” Journals: Charlatans Threatening Trust in Science
Shifting the Journal submission-review system to the Editorial System Manuscript December 27, 2017.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Evaluation of general physicians’ skills in breaking bad news to the patient based on the SPIKES Questionnaire in Qom, 2016
1
Ph.D. Candidate of Medical Education, Faculty medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2
Associate Professor of medical education, Educational Development Centre (EDC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3
Assistant Professor of surgery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
4
Assistant Professor of Department of Reproductive Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
5
Master of Librarianship and Informing, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
Publication date: 2018-12-28
Electron J Gen Med 2019;16(1):em103
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Background:
Breaking bad and unpleasant news by physician to patient or his or her family is a key moment in communication between a physician and the patient. It is often necessary for physicians to breaking bad and unpleasant news to the patient or his or her family. The objective of this study was to evaluate the skill of general physicians in breaking bad and unpleasant news to the patient based on the SPIKES questionnaire in educational hospitals of Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2016.
Methods:
This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 200 general physicians. Convenient sampling method was used in this study. Data were collected using standard Spikes Questionnaire and data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical tests through SPSSv21 software.
Results:
Most of the subjects were male (69.5%), married (85.1%), and had no history of receiving formal education about breaking bad news to the patient. The mean and standard deviation of the subjects were 37.43±4.02 years. The mean and standard deviation of the score of the skill of breaking bad news were 63.56 ± 6.51. While independent t test showed significant difference in mean and standard deviation of score of the skill of breaking bad news between the two groups (p <0.05), no significant difference was reported between two groups in terms of two variables of gender and clinic place (p >0.05). Moreover, using variance analysis, a significant difference was found in mean score of breaking bad news in different age groups with different employment history (p <0.05).
Conclusion:
The research results revealed that the skill level of the research samples was relatively at desirable level. Given the lack of receiving formal education by general physicians and the impact of breaking bad news from physician to patients and their caregivers on the type of relationship between the physician and the patient, it is recommended to put more emphasis on continuous education programs, designed especially for general physicians.
Breaking bad and unpleasant news by physician to patient or his or her family is a key moment in communication between a physician and the patient. It is often necessary for physicians to breaking bad and unpleasant news to the patient or his or her family. The objective of this study was to evaluate the skill of general physicians in breaking bad and unpleasant news to the patient based on the SPIKES questionnaire in educational hospitals of Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2016.
Methods:
This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 200 general physicians. Convenient sampling method was used in this study. Data were collected using standard Spikes Questionnaire and data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical tests through SPSSv21 software.
Results:
Most of the subjects were male (69.5%), married (85.1%), and had no history of receiving formal education about breaking bad news to the patient. The mean and standard deviation of the subjects were 37.43±4.02 years. The mean and standard deviation of the score of the skill of breaking bad news were 63.56 ± 6.51. While independent t test showed significant difference in mean and standard deviation of score of the skill of breaking bad news between the two groups (p <0.05), no significant difference was reported between two groups in terms of two variables of gender and clinic place (p >0.05). Moreover, using variance analysis, a significant difference was found in mean score of breaking bad news in different age groups with different employment history (p <0.05).
Conclusion:
The research results revealed that the skill level of the research samples was relatively at desirable level. Given the lack of receiving formal education by general physicians and the impact of breaking bad news from physician to patients and their caregivers on the type of relationship between the physician and the patient, it is recommended to put more emphasis on continuous education programs, designed especially for general physicians.
REFERENCES (29)
1.
Fallowfield L, Jenkins V. Communicating sad, bad, and difficult news in medicine. Lancet (London, England). 2004; 363(9405):312-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-....
2.
Dean A, Willis S. The use of protocol in breaking bad news: evidence and ethos. International journal of palliative nursing. 2016 Jun 27;22(6):265-71. https://doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.... PMid:27349844.
3.
Izadi A, Mohammadnejad E, Ehsani S. Nurses’ experiences regarding truth telling: a phenomenological study. Iranian Journal of Ethics and history of medicine. 2013;6(1). [Full Text in Persian].
4.
Parsa M, Bagheri E, Larijani B. Telling bad news to patients and its different aspects. Iranian Journal of Ethics and history of medicine. 2011;4(6):1-14. [Full Text in Persian].
5.
Managheb S, Mohammadi M. Knowledge and Attitudes of Clinical Teachers, Family Physicians, and Medical Interns towards Giving Bad News, a Study in Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Teaching in medical science. 2011;11(5):436-43. [Full Text in Persian].
6.
Buckman R. Breaking bad news: the S-P-I-K-E-S strategy. Commun Oncol. 2005;2:138-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1548-....
7.
Alshammary SA, Hamdan AB, Tamani JC, Alshuhil A, Ratnapalan S, Alharbi M. Breaking bad news among cancer physicians. Journal of Health Specialties. 2017 Apr 1;5(2):66. https://doi.org/10.4103/jhs.JH....
8.
Barnett MM. Effect of breaking bad news on patients’ perceptions of doctors. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 2002 Jul 1;95(7):343-7. https://doi.org/10.1177/014107... PMid:12091508 PMCid:PMC1279938.
9.
Molleman E, Krabbendam PJ, Annyas AA, Koops HS, Sleijfer DT, Vermey A. The significance of the doctor-patient relationship in coping with cancer. Social science & medicine (1982). 1984;18(6):475-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9....
10.
Ghafarinejad A, Salari P, Mirzadeh A. How to breaking bad news to patients in Medical Sciences of Kerman University. Medical Journal of Hormozgan. 2006;10(2):179-84. [Full Text in Persian].
11.
Munoz Sastre MT, Sorum PC, Mullet E. Breaking bad news: the patient’s viewpoint. Health communication. 2011 Oct 1;26(7):649-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/104102... PMid:21598151.
12.
Lioyd M, Bor R. Communication skills for medicine. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingston; 2004.
13.
Randall TC, Wearn AM. Receiving bad news: patients with haematological cancer reflect upon their experience. Palliative medicine. 2005;19(8):594-601. https://doi.org/10.1191/026921... PMid:16450876.
14.
Alexander SC, Keitz SA, Sloane R, Tulsky JA. A controlled trial of a short course to improve residents’ communication with patients at the end of life. Academic medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges. 2006;81(11):1008-12. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ACM... PMid:17065871.
15.
Arnold R, Lidz C. Clinical aspects of informed consent. New York: MacMillan Library; 1995.
16.
Managheb SE, Mosalanejad N. Teaching How to Break Bad News: Comparing Role-Play and Group Discussion on Practice of Medical Interns in Jahrom Medical School. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 2012;11(7):789-797. [Full Text in Persian].
17.
Baile WF, Buckman R, Lenzi R, Glober G, Beale EA, Kudelka AP. SPIKES-A six-step protocol for delivering bad news: application to the patient with cancer. The oncologist. 2000;5(4):302-11. https://doi.org/10.1634/theonc... PMid:10964998.
18.
Labaf A, Jahanshir A, Shahvaraninasab A. Difficulties in using Western guidelines for breaking bad news in the emergency department: the necessity of indigenizing guidelines for non-Western countries. Iranian Journal of Ethics and history of medicine. 2014;7(1). [Full Text in Persian].
19.
Farokhyar N, Shirazi M, Bahador H, Baradaran H R, Jahanshir A. Assessing the validity and reliability of spikes questionnaires regard in of medical residents awareness breaking bad news in TUMS 2012. Razi J Med Sci 2014;21(122):29-36. [Full Text in Persian].
20.
Rassin M, Dado KP, Avraham M. The role of health care professionals in breaking bad news about death: the perspectives of doctors, nurses and social workers. International journal of caring sciences. 2013 May 1;6(2):22.
21.
Locatelli C, Piselli P, Cicerchia M, Repetto L. Physicians’ age and sex influence breaking bad news to elderly cancer patients. Beliefs and practices of 50 Italian oncologists: the GIO Ger study. Psycho‐Oncology. 2013 May 1;22(5):1112-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.31... PMid:22678763.
22.
Arbabi M, Roozdar A, Taher M, Shirzad S, Arjmand M, Mohammadi MR, Nejatisafa AA, Tahmasebi M, Roozdar A. How to break bad news: Physicians’ and nurses’ attitudes. Iranian journal of psychiatry. 2010;5(4):128. PMid:22952506 PMCid:PMC3395928.
23.
Spencer J. Learning how to break bad news–More than following the rules. Medical teacher. 2012 May 1;34(5):349-50. https://doi.org/10.3109/014215... PMid:22471915.
24.
Hebert HD, Butera JN, Castillo J, Mega AE. Are we training our fellows adequately in delivering bad news to patients? A survey of hematology/oncology program directors. Journal of palliative medicine. 2009 Dec 1;12(12):1119-24. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.20... PMid:19698025.
25.
Gonçalves JA, Almeida C, Amorim J, Baltasar R, Batista J, Borrero Y, Fallé JP, Faria I, Henriques M, Maia H, Fernandes T. Family physicians’ opinions on and difficulties with breaking bad news. Porto Biomedical Journal. 2017 May 22.
26.
Tayebi Arasteh M, Pouragha B and Bagheri Kahkesh M. The performance of select universities of medical sciences based on the components affecting medical education [version 1; referees: 2 approved]. F1000Research 2018, 7:301. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000....
27.
Ghalesefidi M. J., Maghsoudi J., Pouragha B. Effectiveness of gratitude on psychological well-being and quality of life among hospitalized substance abuse patients. Electronic Journal of General Medicine. 2018. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/....
28.
Pouragha B, Khabiri R, Pourreza A, Zarei E. Behavior of under the Iranian Social Security Organization-Insured Persons on Utilization of Laboratory and Imaging Services. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2013;23(106):38-47.
29.
Tayebi Arasteh M, Pouragha B and Norouzinia R. Studying the conformity of self-assessment results of higher education lecturers with the assessment by others. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. July- Sept 2018;10(3):269-76.
| eISSN: | 2516-3507 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
