Current issue
Archive
About the Journal
About us
Aims and Scope
Indexing and Abstracting
Editorial Office
Open Access Policy
Publication Ethics
Contact
For Authors
Editorial Policy
Peer Review Policy
Manuscript Preparation Guidelines
Copyright & Licensing
Publication Fees
Fast-Track Paper Publication Option
Conflict Interest Guidance
Submit an Article
Special Issues
News & Editorials
“Fake,” “Predatory,” and “Pseudo” Journals: Charlatans Threatening Trust in Science
Shifting the Journal submission-review system to the Editorial System Manuscript December 27, 2017.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Factors associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet among medical students at a private university in Lima, Peru
1
Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Santiago de Surco, Lima, PERU
2
Universidad Tecnológica del Perú, Lima, PERU
3
Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, PERU
Publication date: 2023-06-27
Electron J Gen Med 2023;20(4):em483
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
The Mediterranean diet (MedD)is a characteristic eating pattern of the countries of the Mediterranean region. Nonetheless, is unknown its adherence in medical students. We aimed to determine the prevalence of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMedD) and associated factors in medical students from Peru.
Material and Methods:
Analytical cross-sectional study carried out by means of a virtual survey. PREDIMED scale was used to evaluate AMedD. The factors assessed were age, sex, academic year, body mass index (BMI), place of lunch consumption, cigarette smoking, and physical activity. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to present it in crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRa).
Results:
High AMedD was present in 38.50%. Statistically significant association was found for sex (PRa: 0.623; 95%CI 0.488-0.796); for overweight (PRa: 0.417; 95%CI 0.270-0.644), obesity (PRa: 0.591; 95%CI 0.400-0.874) versus normopese; cigarette smoking (PRa: 0.450; 95%CI 0.263-0.773); and high physical activity (PRa: 1.652; 95%CI 1.233-2.215).
Conclusions:
AMedD was low. The related factors were sex, BMI, consumption of lunch outside the home, cigarette smoking, and a high level of physical activity. If this is confirmed in future studies, it would be necessary to consider these elements to encourage greater consumption of MedD components by students, which would help to improve their long-term health.
The Mediterranean diet (MedD)is a characteristic eating pattern of the countries of the Mediterranean region. Nonetheless, is unknown its adherence in medical students. We aimed to determine the prevalence of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMedD) and associated factors in medical students from Peru.
Material and Methods:
Analytical cross-sectional study carried out by means of a virtual survey. PREDIMED scale was used to evaluate AMedD. The factors assessed were age, sex, academic year, body mass index (BMI), place of lunch consumption, cigarette smoking, and physical activity. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to present it in crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRa).
Results:
High AMedD was present in 38.50%. Statistically significant association was found for sex (PRa: 0.623; 95%CI 0.488-0.796); for overweight (PRa: 0.417; 95%CI 0.270-0.644), obesity (PRa: 0.591; 95%CI 0.400-0.874) versus normopese; cigarette smoking (PRa: 0.450; 95%CI 0.263-0.773); and high physical activity (PRa: 1.652; 95%CI 1.233-2.215).
Conclusions:
AMedD was low. The related factors were sex, BMI, consumption of lunch outside the home, cigarette smoking, and a high level of physical activity. If this is confirmed in future studies, it would be necessary to consider these elements to encourage greater consumption of MedD components by students, which would help to improve their long-term health.
REFERENCES (53)
1.
Soltani S, Jayedi A, Shab-Bidar S, Becerra-Tomás N, Salas-Salvadó J. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in relation to all-cause mortality: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Adv Nutr. 2019;10(6):1029-39. https://doi.org/10.1093/advanc... PMid:31111871 PMCid:PMC6855973.
2.
Grosso G, Marventano S, Yang J, et al. A comprehensive meta-analysis on evidence of the Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease: Are individual components equal? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017;57(15):3218-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/104083... PMid:26528631.
3.
Morze J, Danielewicz A, Przybyłowicz K, Zeng H, Hoffmann G, Schwingshackl L. An updated systematic review and meta-analysis on adherence to mediterranean diet and risk of cancer. Eur J Nutr. 2021;60(3):1561-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394... PMid:32770356 PMCid:PMC7987633.
4.
Mosconi L, Walters M, Sterling J, et al. Lifestyle and vascular risk effects on MRI-based biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease: A cross-sectional study of middle-aged adults from the broader New York City area. BMJ Open. 2018;8(3):e019362. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjope... PMid:29574441 PMCid:PMC5875649.
5.
Dinu M, Pagliai G, Casini A, Sofi F. Mediterranean diet and multiple health outcomes: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and randomised trials. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2018;72(1):30-43. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2... PMid:28488692.
6.
Martini D, Bes-Restrollo M. Is Mediterranean diet still a common dietary pattern in the Mediterranean area? Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2020;71(4):395-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/096374... PMid:32375519.
7.
Hidalgo-Mora JJ, García-Vigara A, Sánchez-Sánchez ML, García-Pérez M-Á, Tarín J, Cano A. The Mediterranean diet: A historical perspective on food for health. Maturitas. 2020;132:65-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matu... PMid:31883665.
8.
Schwingshackl L, Schwedhelm C, Galbete C, Hoffmann G. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of cancer: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2017;9(10):1063. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9101... PMid:28954418 PMCid:PMC5691680.
9.
Kojima G, Avgerinou C, Iliffe S, Walters K. Adherence to Mediterranean diet reduces incident frailty risk: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018;66(4):783-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15... PMid:29322507.
10.
Wu L, Sun D. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of developing cognitive disorders: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):41317. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41... PMid:28112268 PMCid:PMC5256032.
11.
Arcila-Agudelo AM, Ferrer-Svoboda C, Torres-Fernàndez T, Farran-Codina A. Determinants of adherence to healthy eating patterns in a population of children and adolescents: Evidence on the Mediterranean diet in the City of Mataró (Catalonia, Spain). Nutrients. 2019;11(4):854. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu1104... PMid:30991741 PMCid:PMC6520885.
12.
Chacón-Cuberos R, Castro-Sánchez M, Muros-Molina JJ, Espejo-Garcés T, Zurita-Ortega F, Linares-Manrique M. Adhesión a la dieta mediterránea en estudiantes universitarios y su relación con los hábitos de ocio digital [Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in university students and its relationship with digital leisure habits]. Hosp Nutr. 2016;33(2):405-10. https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.12... PMid:27238805.
13.
Papadaki A, Hondros G, A. Scott J, Kapsokefalou M. Eating habits of university students living at, or away from home in Greece. Appetite. 2007;49(1):169-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appe... PMid:17368642.
14.
Lowe CJ, Morton JB, Reichelt AC. Adolescent obesity and dietary decision making–a brain-health perspective. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4(5):388-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-... PMid:32164832.
15.
Cruz F, Ramos E, Lopes C, Araújo J. Tracking of food and nutrient intake from adolescence into early adulthood. Nutrition. 2018;55–56:84-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.... PMid:29980092.
16.
Idelson PI, Scalfi L, Valerio G. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2017;27(4):283-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nume... PMid:28254269.
17.
Enriquez JP, Santana AH, Bodden SW. Unhealthy eating behaviors of first year Latin-American students, an opportunity for sustainable nutritional interventions. Biomed J Sci Technol Res. 2021;34(5):27062-9. https://doi.org/10.26717/BJSTR....
18.
Echeverría G, Dussaillant C, McGee EE, et al. Promoting and implementing the Mediterranean diet in the Southern Hemisphere: the Chilean experience. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2019;72(1):38-46. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430... PMid:30487560.
19.
Baydemir C, Ozgur EG, Balci S. Evaluation of adherence to Mediterranean diet in medical students at Kocaeli University, Turkey. J Int Med Res. 2018;46(4):1585-94. https://doi.org/10.1177/030006... PMid:29444610 PMCid:PMC6091843.
20.
Zurita-Ortega F, San Román-Mata S, Chacón-Cuberos R, Castro-Sánchez M, Muros JJ. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with physical activity, self-concept and sociodemographic factors in university student. Nutrients. 2018;10(8):966. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu1008... PMid:30049976 PMCid:PMC6116179.
21.
El Hajj JS, Julien SG. Factors associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet and dietary habits among university students in Lebanon. J Nutr Metab. 2021;2021:e6688462. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6... PMid:33564473 PMCid:PMC7850855.
22.
Cobo-Cuenca AI, Garrido-Miguel M, Soriano-Cano A, Ferri-Morales A, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Martín-Espinosa NM. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and its association with body composition and physical fitness in Spanish university students. Nutrients. 2019;11(11):2830. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu1111... PMid:31752296 PMCid:PMC6893793.
23.
Hadjimbei E, Botsaris G, Gekas V, Panayiotou AG. Behavioral factors associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet in young university students–A cross-sectional study. J Nutr Med Diet Care. 2019;5(1):034. https://doi.org/10.23937/2572-....
24.
Pan C, Jiang N, Cao B, Dong C. Global trends and performances of Mediterranean diet. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021;100(38):e27175. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.000... PMid:34559106 PMCid:PMC8462571.
25.
Ponce VJV, Mariana S, Garrido MV, et al. Factores bioquímicos asociados a la adherencia a la dieta Mediterránea [Biochemical factors associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet]. Rev Cuba de Medicina Militar. 2021;50(3):02101369.
26.
Gómez-Chacón R, Fernández-Martínez N. Relación entre la práctica de actividad física y los empleados saludables en un club deportivo-social [Relationship between the practice of physical activity and healthy employees in a sports-social club]. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte [Sports Psychology Notebooks]; 2020. Available at: http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo... (Accessed: 14 October 2021).
27.
Barrientos Ortiz J. Relación del riesgo cardiovascular con el nivel de actividad física en choferes de 40 a 65 años procedentes de una empresa de transporte público de Lima Este, 2019 [Relationship of cardiovascular risk with the level of physical activity in drivers aged 40 to 65 years from a public transport company in East Lima, 2019]. Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener; 2019. Available at: http://repositorio.uwiener.edu... (Accessed: 14 October 2021).
28.
Getino de Castro O, Fernández-Villa T, Álvarez-Álvarez L, Aguado-Arconada A, Sibai A, Martín V. Reproducibilidad, correlación y concordancia de un cuestionario abreviado del dietary score [Reproducibility, correlation and concordance of an abbreviated questionnaire of the dietary score]. Semergen. 2019;45(6):382-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seme... PMid:30554990.
29.
Onetti W, Álvarez-Kurogi L, Castillo-Rodríguez A. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern and self-concept in adolescents. Nutr Hosp. 2019;36(3):658-64.
30.
Antonopoulou M, Mantzorou M, Serdari A, et al. Evaluating Mediterranean diet adherence in university student populations: Does this dietary pattern affect students’ academic performance and mental health? Int J Health Plann Manage. 2020;35(1):5-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.28... PMid:31514237.
31.
Guillem Saiz P, Yang Wang Y, Guillem Saiz J, Guadalupe Fernández V, Saiz Sánchez C. Estilos de vida, adherencia a la dieta Mediterránea, características antropométricas en un colectivo de universitarios de ciencias de la salud [Lifestyles, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, anthropometric characteristics in a group of health sciences university students]. Rev Esp Nutr Comunitaria. 2017;0-0.
32.
Mamani-Urrutia V, Dominguez-Curi CH, Sosa-Macalupu MA, Torres-Vicharra LF, Bustamante-López A. Estudio exploratorio sobre conocimientos y frecuencia de consumo de productos procesados y ultraprocesados en estudiantes universitarios de Perú [Exploratory study on knowledge and frequency of consumption of processed and ultra-processed products in university students from Peru]. Rev Esp Nutr Comunitaria. 2022;1-11.
33.
Cárdenas-Quintana H, Ramos-Padilla P, Lama- Segura E, Moreno-Pajuelo A. NUTRI-HABI: Estado nutricional y hábitos alimentarios de estudiantes ingresantes a la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Perú [NUTRI-HABI: Nutritional status and eating habits of incoming students at the La Molina National Agrarian University, Peru]. Rev Esp Nutr Comunitaria. 2019;0-0.
34.
Torres-Mallma C, Trujillo-Valencia C, Urquiza-Díaz AL, Salazar-Rojas R, Taype-Rondán A. Hábitos alimentarios en estudiantes de medicina de primer y sexto año de una universidad privada de Lima, Perú [Eating habits in first and sixth year medical students of a private university in Lima, Peru]. Rev Chil Nutr. 2016;43(2):146-54. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-....
35.
Powell LM, Han E, Chaloupka FJ. Economic contextual factors, food consumption, and obesity among US adolescents. J Nutr. 2010;140(6):1175-80. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.109... PMid:20392882.
36.
Min J, Jahns L, Xue H, Kandiah J, Wang Y. Americans’ perceptions about fast food and how they associate with its consumption and obesity risk. Adv Nutr. 2018;9(5):590-601. https://doi.org/10.1093/advanc... PMid:30084879 PMCid:PMC6140449.
37.
Banna JC, Buchthal OV, Delormier T, Creed-Kanashiro HM, Penny ME. Influences on eating: A qualitative study of adolescents in a periurban area in Lima, Peru. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889... PMid:26772177 PMCid:PMC4714484.
38.
E. Paredes Arana M. Poultry meat production in the South American Andes. En: Lal Ranabhat C, editor. Meat and nutrition. IntechOpen; 2021. https://doi.org/10.5772/intech....
39.
Cadarso Suárez A, Dopico Calvo X, Iglesias-Soler E, Cadarso Suárez CM, Gude Sampedro F. Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y su relación con la adherencia a la dieta Mediterránea y la actividad física en universitarios de Galicia [Health-related quality of life and its relationship with adherence to the Mediterranean diet and physical activity in Galician university students]. Nutr Clín Diet Hosp. 2017;42-9.
40.
Maugeri A, Barchitta M, Fiore V, et al. Determinants of adherence to the Mediterranean diet: Findings from a cross-sectional study in women from Southern Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(16):E2963. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph... PMid:31426512 PMCid:PMC6720012.
41.
Redondo del Río MP. Ingesta dietética y adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios en función de la práctica deportiva [Dietary intake and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a group of university students based on sports practice]. Nutr Hosp. 2016;33(5). https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.58....
42.
López Sánchez GF, González Víllora S, Díaz Suárez A. Level of habitual physical activity in children and adolescents from the Region of Murcia (Spain). Springerplus. 2016;5:386. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064... PMid:27047712 PMCid:PMC4816955.
43.
Chacón-Cuberos R, Badicu G, Zurita-Ortega F, Castro-Sánchez M. Mediterranean diet and motivation in sport: A comparative study between university students from Spain and Romania. Nutrients. 2018;11(1):E30. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu1101... PMid:30583539 PMCid:PMC6356228.
44.
Bendall CL, Mayr HL, Opie RS, Bes-Rastrollo M, Itsiopoulos C, Thomas CJ. Central obesity and the Mediterranean diet: A systematic review of intervention trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2018;58(18):3070-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/104083... PMid:29039967.
45.
Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Pugliese G, de Alteriis G, Colao A, Savastano S. Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) vs. metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) phenotypes in PCOS: Association with endocrine-metabolic profile, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and body composition. Nutrients. 2021;13(11):3925. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu1311... PMid:34836180 PMCid:PMC8624317.
46.
Lowe CJ, Reichelt AC, Hall PA. The prefrontal cortex and obesity: A health neuroscience perspective. Trends Cogn Sci. 2019;23(4):349-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics... PMid:30824229.
47.
Wijayaratne SP, Reid M, Westberg K, Worsley A, Mavondo F. Food literacy, healthy eating barriers and household diet. Eur J Markt. 2018;52(12):2449-77. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-10....
48.
Flor-Alemany M, Marín-Jiménez N, Nestares T, Borges-Cosic M, Aranda P, Aparicio VA. Mediterranean diet, tobacco consumption and body composition during perimenopause. The FLAMENCO project. Maturitas. 2020;137:30-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matu... PMid:32498934.
49.
Loret de Mola C, Pillay TD, Diez-Canseco F, Gilman RH, Smeeth L, Miranda JJ. Body mass index and self-perception of overweight and obesity in rural, urban and rural-to-urban migrants: PERU MIGRANT study. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e50252. https://doi.org/10.1371/journa... PMid:23209688 PMCid:PMC3508895.
50.
Jiménez-Ramos FS, Tume F, Olivares-Etchebaster M. “Científica saludable”: Un proyecto de universidad saludable basado en el enfoque de promoción de la salud y bienestar [“Healthy scientist”: A healthy university project based on the approach of promoting health and well-being]. Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet. 2020;24(4):398-400. https://doi.org/10.14306/renhy....
51.
Bustamante-García M, Martinez-Feliu M, Servan K, Mayta-Tristán P. Oferta y composición nutricional de ensaladas en patios de comida de centros comerciales de Lima Metropolitana, 2014 [Supply and nutritional composition of salads in food courts of shopping centers in Metropolitan Lima, 2014]. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2015;32(4):739-45. https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmes... PMid:26732923.
52.
Hadjimbei E, Botsaris G, Gekas V, Panayiotou AG. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and lifestyle characteristics of university students in Cyprus: A cross-sectional survey. J Nutr Metab. 2016;2016:2742841. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2... PMid:27293883 PMCid:PMC4884852.
53.
Pastor R, Pinilla N, Tur JA. The economic cost of diet and its association with adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a cohort of Spanish primary schoolchildren. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(3):1282. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph... PMid:33572671 PMCid:PMC7908597.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 2516-3507 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
