Mostly self-limited with an idiopathic or infectious etiology, pericarditis may be fatal in rare occasions. Thiny layer surrounding myocardium is infected especially by viral organisms. Here, a recent Turkish and world literature will be reviewed and cases of Epstein Barr virus, H1N1 virus as well as tuberculosis microorganisms leading to pericarditis and even tamponade will be discussed. You will also find rare parasitic infestations presenting with pericardial effusion, constrictive and crystal pericarditis of infectious origin and read other rare metabolic associations such as myxedema and uremia.