Muscle cramps are the most prevalent intradialytic complication and an important difficulty for patients. The frequency of muscle cramps is about 35-86% during haemodialysis. Excessive ultrafiltration, intradialytic hypotension, electrolyte-mineral disturbances , hypoosmolality are the most frequent causes. Muscle cramps can be treated by isotonic-hypertonic saline or hypertonic dextrose solutions. Also, preventing hypotension, profiling sodium, vitamin E and C can be used to prevent. There are new advances to treat and prevent this inconvenience, and we aimed to rewiev the causes and approachs for treatment and preventing muscle cramps during hemodialysis.