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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Pathogenic organism and risk factors of infection after acute ischemic stroke during the COVID-19 pandemic
1
Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, INDONESIA
2
Department of Clinical Pathology, Laboratory and Blood Bank, National Brain Center Hospital Prof. Dr. dr. Mahar Mardjono, Jakarta, INDONESIA
3
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, INDONESIA
4
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, INDONESIA
5
Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, INDONESIA
Publication date: 2024-09-02
Electron J Gen Med 2024;21(5):em604
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine the pathogen organisms’ profile and risk factors for infection after acute ischemic
stroke (AIS) during the COVID-19 pandemic because of few studies. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional
study using the medical records of AIS inpatients at the National Brain Center Hospital Prof. Dr. dr. Mahar
Mardjono, Jakarta, Indonesia, from 2020-2021. We found the species of pathogen organisms based on the positive
growth of microbiological cultures of various specimens. Among 479 AIS patients, the infection prevalence was
12.3%. This study found the common pathogenic organisms were Gram-negative bacteria, and there were drug-resistant strains in S. aureus, S. epidermidis, K. pneumoniae, and E. coli. The risk factors for infection in COVID-19-
infected patients were pneumonia (OR 6.89, 95% CI 1.49-31.79, p = 0.013) and intensive care stay (OR 0.13, 95% CI
0.05-0.36, p < 0.001); meanwhile, in non-COVID-19 patients were HIV comorbidity (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.18-2.06, p =
0.002), leukocytosis (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.01-0.43, p = 0.004), use of CVC (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.12-0.68, p = 0.005), use of
steroids (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.06-0.70, p = 0.011), and tracheostomy (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.05-0.62, p = 0.007). To sum up,
the growth of pathogenic organisms indicated that the prevalence of infections after AIS during the COVID-19
pandemic did not increase. The risk factor for infections depends on the characteristics of patients, whether they
have COVID-19 or have not been infected.
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